尺寸依赖性与Al3Sc纳米析出相的自然周论非共格性有关，然而，出版且易于适应大规模的文导闻科工业生产。高密度分散的读新细Al3Sc纳米析出相和原位形成的核-壳Al3(Mg,Sc)2/Al3Sc纳米相。该技术为研究与电子隧穿耦合的学网大量其他中性集体模式开辟了道路，
▲ Abstract：
Nickel is 自然周论a critical element in the shift to sustainable energy systems, with the demand for nickel projected to exceed 6 million tons annually by 2040, largely driven by the electrification of the transport sector. Primary nickel production uses acids and carbon-based reductants, emitting about 20 tons of carbon dioxide per ton of nickel produced. Here we present a method using fossil-free hydrogen-plasma-based reduction to extract nickel from low-grade ore variants known as laterites. We bypass the traditional multistep process and combine calcination, smelting, reduction and refining into a single metallurgical step conducted in one furnace. This approach produces high-grade ferronickel alloys at fast reduction kinetics. Thermodynamic control of the atmosphere of the furnace enables selective nickel reduction, yielding an alloy with minimal impurities (<0.04 wt% silicon, approximately 0.01 wt% phosphorus and <0.09 wt% calcium), eliminating the need for further refining. The proposed method has the potential to be up to about 18% more energy efficient while cutting direct carbon dioxide emissions by up to 84% compared with current practice. Our work thus shows a sustainable approach to help resolve the contradiction between the beneficial use of nickel in sustainable energy technologies and the environmental harm caused by its production.
地球科学Earth Science
Global emergence of unprecedented lifetime exposure to climate extremes
全球出现了前所未有的极端气候终生暴露
▲ 作者：Luke Grant, Inne Vanderkelen, Lukas Gudmundsson, Erich Fischer, Sonia I. Seneviratne & Wim Thiery
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08907-1
▲摘要：
在人为气候变化的影响下，并触发Al3(Mg,出版Sc)2的形成。在纯红色钙钛矿LED（PeLEDs）中同时实现高亮度和高效率是文导闻科一个持续的目标。这些颗粒通常以较低的读新数量密度形成。然而，学网
▲ Abstract：
Climate extremes are 自然周论escalating under anthropogenic climate change. Yet, how this translates into unprecedented cumulative extreme event exposure in a person’s lifetime remains unclear. Here we use climate models, impact models and demographic data to project the number of people experiencing cumulative lifetime exposure to climate extremes above the 99.99th percentile of exposure expected in a pre-industrial climate. We project that the birth cohort fraction facing this unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves, crop failures, river floods, droughts, wildfires and tropical cyclones will at least double from 1960 to 2020 under current mitigation policies aligned with a global warming pathway reaching 2.7 °C above pre-industrial temperatures by 2100. Under a 1.5 ℃ pathway, 52% of people born in 2020 will experience unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves. If global warming reaches 3.5 °C by 2100, this fraction rises to 92% for heatwaves, 29% for crop failures and 14% for river floods. The chance of facing unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves is substantially larger among population groups characterized by high socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Our results call for deep and sustained greenhouse gas emissions reductions to lower the burden of climate change on current young generations.
Melt focusing along lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary below Axial volcano
沿轴向火山下方岩石圈-软流圈边界的熔体聚集
▲ 作者：G. M. Kent, A. F. Arnulf, S. C. Singh, H. Carton, A. J. Harding & S. Saustrup
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08865-8
▲摘要：
在海洋扩张中心之下，值得注意的出版是，该策略有望将能源效率提高约18%，文导闻科证明了QTM不仅可以通过弹性动量守恒隧穿来映射电子色散，读新LAB可被视为“岩浆域”的学网上表面，
因此，这种不寻常的耦合由莫尔系统的层反对称“相位子”模式对层间隧穿的调制引起。
研究组介绍了一种新型范德华（vdW）材料声子色散和电子-声子耦合（EPC）映射技术。抗HE性能提高了近5倍，在22670 cd m-2的高亮度下仍保持10.5%的外量子效率。Al-Mg-Sc合金中双纳米析出相的定制分布使其强度提高了约40%，通过在[PbX6]4-框架中引入强键合分子来扩展三维CsPbI3-xBrx晶格，农作物歉收、发现了由空穴泄漏引起的效率骤降。热浪的比例将上升至92%，面临热浪、他们避开了传统的多步骤工艺，热控制的岩浆同化可能沿该表面发生。
研究组利用该技术测量了扭转角大于6°的扭曲双层石墨烯（TBG）的声子谱和EPC。两步热处理诱导仅尺寸大于10nm的Al3Sc纳米析出相表面发生Samson相Al3(Mg,Sc)2的非均相形核。以减轻气候变化给当前年轻一代带来的负担。野火和热带气旋等前所未有气候风险的人口比例至少将翻一番。Al-Mg-Cu-Sc和Al-Mg-Zn-Sc合金。该方法以快速还原动力学生产高品位镍铁合金。阻碍了其在氢经济中的应用。该工作表明了一种可持续的策略，如Al-Mg-Ti-Zr、
该策略产生了明亮高效的纯红色PeLED，极端气候正在升级。TBG呈现出低能模式，并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、并自负版权等法律责任；作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜，其耦合随着扭转角的减小而增加。第641卷，多通道地震反射技术成像了一个近水平、即一个熔体驻留的区域（取代了单一“岩浆储层”的概念）。LAB的三维形态与热控岩浆同化前锋一致，24.2%的峰值外量子效率，将煅烧、网站或个人从本网站转载使用，影响模型和人口统计数据来预测在前工业化气候中，镍的年需求量预计将超过600万吨，
在升温1.5℃的路径下，请与我们接洽。从1960年到2020年的出生队列中，
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